Understanding Chapter 7 Bankruptcy in Yakima, Washington

Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a federal legal process designed to help those struggling with debt that has become unmanageable. It involves liquidating non-exempt assets to pay creditors.

If you are in Yakima, Washington, and considering this financial relief option, you should understand both federal laws and Washington state-specific statutes that can affect the process. Our experienced Yakima attorneys will outline the Chapter 7 bankruptcy process, eligibility requirements, its impact on debt, and what to expect when filing in Yakima.

Chapter 7 is the most common type of bankruptcy you can file in the United States. It is when you liquidate non-exempt assets, and a court-appointed trustee uses the funds to pay your creditors. In exchange, you can discharge most unsecured debt, like your credit card balances, medical bills, and personal loans.

The goal of a Chapter 7 bankruptcy is to provide you with a fresh start when you become completely overwhelmed by debt. However, keep in mind that not all debt can be discharged. Obligations like child support, alimony, certain taxes, and most student loans will typically survive the bankruptcy process, meaning you are still liable for them.

In most cases, a Chapter 7 bankruptcy can be completed within three to six months. And while bankruptcy remains on your credit report for up to 10 years, many have seen improvements within just a few months as their debt-to-income ratio begins to reset.

Not everyone in Yakima qualifies for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. To determine eligibility, applicants in Yakima County must pass something called the means test, which is simply a calculation used to compare your income to the median income of similar households in Washington.

The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA) of 2005 introduced the means test to determine Chapter 7 eligibility, and the primary federal law governing bankruptcy is Title 11 of the United States Code (Bankruptcy Code).

If your household income is below Washington’s median income, which is $74,442 for a four-person household as of 2024, you likely qualify for Chapter 7 without any further review. However, if you are over this threshold, additional calculations are needed to assess your disposable income after all allowable expenses have been considered.

Federal law requires anyone filing for bankruptcy to complete a credit counseling course within 180 days before filing. Approved courses are available online or in person for Yakima residents.

If you have already received a Chapter 7 discharge within the last eight years or a Chapter 13 discharge within the last six years, you will be ineligible.

Washington state provides exemptions that protect some of your assets from liquidation. These exemptions play a big role when it comes to determining which possessions you can keep during your Chapter 7 filing.

Here are some under the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 6.13:

• Homestead Exemption (RCW 6.13.010–6.13.240): Protects up to $125,000 of equity in your primary residence
• Personal Property (RCW 6.15.010): Includes exemptions for household items, clothing, and personal belongings up to specific value limits
• Vehicle Exemption: Allows up to $3,500 in equity to be exempt for a personal vehicle
• Wildcard Exemption: Provides a flexible $3,000 exemption for any asset

Remember, Washington’s exemptions can differ from federal exemptions, but you must only choose one system—you can’t mix and match. For this reason, consulting with a Yakima bankruptcy attorney can help you navigate these choices effectively and ensure a successful filing.

Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in Yakima follows a structured process governed by federal and state laws. Here are the steps you can expect:

1. Petition Filing: You begin by filing a petition with the US Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Washington. Along with it, you also must submit schedules (Federal Bankruptcy Rule 1007) detailing all of your assets, liabilities, income, and expenses.
2. Automatic Stay: Once the petition is filed, an automatic stay (Section 362) goes into effect. This is what will put a stop to most collection activities, including wage garnishments, lawsuits, and creditor harassment.
3. Appointment of a Trustee: A bankruptcy trustee is then appointed to review your case, verify the accuracy of your filings, and oversee the liquidation (Section 701–784) of any non-exempt assets you may have.
4. 341 Meeting of Creditors: You are also required to attend a 341 meeting. This is where creditors can ask questions about your financial situation and where the trustee will also verify the information in your filings.
5. Asset Liquidation: The trustee liquidates all of your non-exempt assets (Section 522) to pay off your creditors. Washington state laws provide exemptions to protect certain property, such as your primary residence, vehicle, and personal belongings, as we outlined above.
6. Debt Discharge: After completing the process, all of your eligible debts are discharged. In doing so, you are released from all personal liability.

While Chapter 7 can provide you with some much-needed relief from your unsecured debt, certain obligations can’t be discharged:

• Child support and alimony
• Most tax debts, including recent federal, state, or local taxes
• Student loans, except in rare cases of undue hardship
• Court fines, penalties, and restitution
• Debts arising from fraud or malicious conduct

Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy can provide numerous advantages for Yakima residents facing financial difficulties:

• Immediate Relief from Creditors: The automatic stay offers instant relief, giving you space to reorganize your finances without harassment.
• Discharge of Unsecured Debts: Most unsecured debts are wiped clean, which means you get to start over financially.
• Retention of Exempt Property: Washington's exemptions ensure you get to keep your most essential assets.

Yes, Chapter 7 isn’t your only solution to get out of financial distress. You can also negotiate with your creditors to reduce the total debt owed, work with a credit counseling agency to establish a structured repayment plan, or choose Chapter 13 bankruptcy. This option allows you to reorganize your debts and come up with a repayment plan that is doable in your situation.

While it is possible to file without a Yakima bankruptcy attorney, the process can be complicated very quickly. Any errors in your petition or exemptions, no matter how small, can lead to delays, asset loss, or even the complete dismissal of your case. Hiring a Yakima bankruptcy attorney ensures your rights are protected and your case is handled properly and efficiently.

Yes, most retirement accounts, including 401(k)s, IRAs, and pensions, are protected under federal and state bankruptcy laws in Washington. Just make sure to list all of your retirement accounts in your petition to ensure proper protection. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) protects most retirement accounts during bankruptcy.

The filing fee for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in Yakima is approximately $338. Additional costs may include credit counseling fees and attorney fees, which vary based on the overall complexity of your case.

If your small business is a sole proprietorship, its debts and assets are included in your personal bankruptcy filing. On the other hand, you may need to file a separate business bankruptcy if your business is a corporation or LLC. This is definitely something you want to consider before filing.

Tax refunds are considered part of your bankruptcy estate and can be used to repay your creditors unless you can exempt them under Washington or federal laws.

Navigating Chapter 7 bankruptcy in Yakima can be complicated in the best of times. This is especially true when you find yourself dealing with exemptions and the means test. An experienced Yakima bankruptcy attorney ensures all of your paperwork is filed correctly, helps protect your assets, and represents you during proceedings.